参照
最終更新：2026年9月26日
茶の貿易の語彙
49 terms across 6 groups, each with its own anchor so a single definition can be cited on its own.
Definitions for the grade codes, contract clauses, regulatory instruments and processing terms used in the Chinese tea export trade. Grade codes such as gunpowder 3505 and Chunmee 41022 describe a finished make, not a garden. HS subheadings 0902.10 through 0902.40 split tea by fermentation and by packing size. Maximum residue limits are set per jurisdiction, so the destination decides the standard.
品格と製造
- Gunpowder
- Chinese green tea rolled into tight pellets. Export grades run 3505, 9375, 9475 and 9575, ordered by pellet size, tightness and colour consistency. Produced mainly in the Pingshui belt of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
- 3505
- The reference gunpowder export grade for Morocco and Senegal. A family rather than one specification: sub-grades run 3505AAAAA, 3505AAA, 3505AA, 3505A, 3505B and 3505D.
- Chunmee
- Refined Chinese green tea with a slender, slightly curved leaf — the name means eyebrow tea. Produced mainly in Zhejiang and Anhui. 41022 is the widest-traded export grade.
- 41022
- 最も広く取引されているChunmee輸出グレードは、西アフリカと中央アジアで使用されています。園や収穫ではなく、精製基準で葉や画面サイズを記述します。
- Bai Hao Yin Zhen also sold as Silver Needle
- The top grade of Chinese white tea, plucked as single unopened buds with the silver down intact, and known in English as Silver Needle. Reference origins are Fuding in Ningde and Zhenghe in Nanping, Fujian.
- Bai Mu Dan also sold as White Peony
- White tea plucked as one bud with one to two leaves, known in English as White Peony. The main volume grade for white tea export.
- Gong Mei also sold as Tribute Eyebrow
- White tea plucked as one bud with two to three leaves, known in English as Tribute Eyebrow. Fuller in body and lower in cost per kilogram than Bai Mu Dan.
- Shou Mei also sold as Longevity Eyebrow
- White tea from mature leaf on a later plucking, known in English as Longevity Eyebrow. Fuller in body, lower in cost per kilogram, and the grade most often pressed into cakes for ageing.
- Bai Ya Qi Lan
- Orchid-scented oolong from Pinghe County, Zhangzhou, Fujian. A cultivar selected in Pinghe and named for its pale bud tips and pronounced orchid aroma; rolled semi-ball make, light to medium roast. Pinghe Bai Ya Qi Lan carries a protected geographical indication.
- 鉄観音 also sold as Iron Goddess
- Rolled ball-shape oolong from Anxi, Quanzhou, Fujian, known in English as Iron Goddess. Produced across a range from jade (unroasted) to medium roast.
- Rock oolong
- Strip-leaf oolong from Wuyishan, Nanping, Fujian, including Da Hong Pao (Big Red Robe), Rou Gui (Cinnamon) and Shui Xian (Water Sprite). Characterised by charcoal roasting and a mineral character attributed to the growing terrain.
- 大紅袍 also sold as Big Red Robe
- Charcoal-roasted strip-leaf rock oolong from Wuyishan, Nanping, Fujian, known in English as Big Red Robe. With Rou Gui and Shui Xian it carries the top of the Fujian oolong price range.
- Lapsang Souchong
- Black tea from Tongmu inside the Wuyishan area of Fujian — the first black tea on record. Produced in smoked and unsmoked versions, which must be distinguished on the contract.
- Jin Jun Mei also sold as Golden Eyebrow
- Bud-only black tea from Tongmu inside the Wuyishan area of Fujian, known in English as Golden Eyebrow. Related to unsmoked Lapsang Souchong, with a golden tip.
- Tanyang Gongfu
- Congou-style black tea from Fu'an, Ningde, Fujian. The historic Fujian export black tea.
- 香り丸
- One full cycle in which finished green tea is layered with fresh jasmine blossom, left to absorb the aroma, then separated and re-dried. Jasmine tea is graded by the number of rounds — commonly three, five or seven.
Trade names in the Moroccan and West African market
- Trade name
- A selling designation used by an exporter, importer or brand owner in place of a grade code — El Bellar, Sinia, Sultan, Flecha, Dahmiss, Achoura. It fixes no property a laboratory can measure, so the contract must still state the grade code, moisture, screen size and the residue standard by destination. Some trade names are registered marks belonging to third parties.
- El Bellar
- A trade name used in gunpowder green tea listings for Morocco and West Africa, quoted beside grade codes such as 3505AAA. Also written El-bellar. A seller's designation, not a grade in any standard.
- Sinia
- A trade name used by Chinese exporters for gunpowder green tea offered into Morocco. A selling designation rather than a grade code.
- Sultan
- A product or brand name seen on packed Moroccan mint tea and on gunpowder 3505 listings. It is not a grade, and it may be a registered mark belonging to a third party.
- Flecha
- A quality designation used on Chunmee green tea offered into West Africa. A selling designation rather than a grade code.
- Dahmiss
- A trade name used on Chunmee green tea for Morocco, quoted in marketplace listings against grade 41022.
- Achoura
- A name used in listings for Chinese green tea quoted into Morocco and West Africa, commonly as an Achoura price. A selling designation whose scope has to be confirmed against a grade code in the quotation.
仕様と品質
- 水分
- 完成した乾燥葉の水分分は、百分数で表される。標準の中国緑茶の貿易仕様では、7.0%以下；香味茶は、8.5%以下です。保湿は保存期間を決定し、分析証明書の第一行です。
- 微細茶（ファニングス）
- 精製とスクリーニング中に分離された小さな破裂した粒子は 許容されたファンディングの割合はグレード変数であり、グレードコードにのみ含まれていない。
- 分析証明書 (COA)
- 実験室での測定物件の特性に関する記述 通常は湿度、灰、破裂および粉の含量。農薬残留報告とは異なり、異なるパラメータを測定する。
- 残留農薬基準値 (MRL)
- 農薬残留物の合法的に許容される最大濃度。茶の場合は乾燥葉に制限が設定されています。各司法管轄は独自の値を公表します。したがって、ある目的地で適合する物件は、別の目的地で拒否される可能性があります。
- AQL
- 許容可能な品質制限：検査されたパトルの受容かどうかを決定するために使用されるサンプリング基準で、サンプルのサイズとそのサイズで許容される最大限の欠陥を定義する。
- 取引証明書
- An informal name for the per-shipment document that links a consignment to a certified organic operator. For the United States the formal document is the electronic NOP Import Certificate, required for organic imports since 19 March 2024; for the European Union it is the electronic certificate of inspection (e-COI) issued in TRACES. Neither is a substitute for residue testing.
分類及び文書
- HS 番号 0902
- The Harmonized System heading covering tea, whether or not flavoured. Splits by fermentation and by packing size into 0902.10, 0902.20, 0902.30 and 0902.40.
- 0902.10
- 発酵されていない緑茶、3 kgまたはそれ以下の即効パッケージ。小売用緑茶、ジャズミン包装および茶袋を含む。白茶は緑茶と分類される。
- 0902.20
- Green tea, not fermented, other than in packings of 3 kg or less. The bulk line for gunpowder, Chunmee and bulk white tea.
- 0902.30
- Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea in immediate packings of 3 kg or less. Oolong is partly fermented and falls here when retail packed.
- 0902.40
- Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea, other than in packings of 3 kg or less. The bulk line for oolong and black tea.
- 植物衛生証明書
- 輸出国の植物保護当局が発行した、植物の輸送が輸入国の植物衛生要件を満たしていることを証明する証明書。
- 産地証明書 (CO)
- 商品が生産された国に関する証明書。通常は、ロシアやユーラシア経済連合に入る茶を含む優遇関税の待遇を得る必要である。
市場別規制
- ONSSA
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires — Morocco's national food safety authority, which sets and enforces pesticide maximum residue limits on imported tea. Order 156-14, published in Bulletin Officiel 6322bis on 1 January 2015, established the MRL framework.
- TR CU 021/2011
- 食品安全に関するユーラシア経済連合技術規制。ロシア、カザフスタン、ベラルーシ、キルギススタン、アルメニアへの食品への汚染物質と農薬残留を規制する。
- TR CU 022/2011
- 食品のラベル付けに関するユーラシア経済連合技術規制。EAEU市場に投入された製品には、ロシア語で記載されなければならないラベル内容を規定する。
- EACマーク
- ユーラシアの適合性マーク。適用される製品には、適用されるEAEU技術規制に準拠し、登録された適合宣言が適用される。
- 適合宣言
- The document that evidences EAEU technical regulation compliance and clears customs. Registered by the importer or an authorised representative established within the Union — not by the exporter.
- ロッセル・ホズナツーロ
- 輸入された植物製品の植物衛生管理を含む獣医および植物衛生監督を担当するロシア連邦サービス。
貿易と物流
- FOB
- 販売者は船に乗って、その船の指定された運輸港で貨物を運び、その時点でリスクとコストを買い手に譲渡する。
- CIF
- 費用、保険、貨物：販売者は、指定された目的地港への貨物及び保険料を支払いますが、その出産地での運送においてリスクの移転は行われます。
- DDP
- 納品税付与 販売者は、輸入税および清算を含む指定目的地への費用とリスクを承担します
- 引越し
- 容器が重量制限に達する前に容器の体積が満たされる点。茶と共通するものは、その質量に対して体積が大きいため、包装密度が容器の経済を益荷よりも多く動かしている理由です。
- Khorgos–Altynkol廊下
- The rail border crossing between China and Kazakhstan used for freight into Central Asia, including tea for landlocked Uzbekistan. A gauge change and multiple border transfers change the packing brief relative to sea freight.
- Attaya
- The West African tea ritual practised in Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, the Gambia and Niger, in which the same charge of gunpowder green tea is brewed three times with sugar and mint in progressively sweeter rounds. It is why re-infusion behaviour is a commercial variable in these markets.
- Atay
- The Moroccan preparation of gunpowder green tea with fresh mint and sugar, poured from height. Morocco's daily consumption of it is why 99.85% of China's tea shipments to Morocco are green tea.
Maintained by ODM Tea as the reference set the rest of this site writes against.